| Catalog No. | Size | Price (USD) |
| 40592-V08H85-100 | 100 µg | $666.50 |
General Information
| Formulation | Lyophilized from sterile PBS, pH 7.4. Please contact us for any concerns or special requirements. Normally 5 % - 8 % trehalose, mannitol and 0.01% Tween80 are added as protectants before lyophilization. Please refer to the specific buffer information in the hardcopy of datasheet or the lot-specific COA. |
| Endotoxin | < 1.0 EU per μg protein as determined by the LAL method. |
| Shipping | In general, recombinant proteins are provided as lyophilized powder which are shipped at ambient temperature. Bulk packages of recombinant proteins are provided as frozen liquid. They are shipped out with blue ice unless customers require otherwise. |
| Stability & Storage | Samples are stable for up to twelve months from date of receipt at -20℃ to -80℃. Store it under sterile conditions at -20℃ to -80℃. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Reconstitution | To find reconstitution info, click on 'COA' at the top of the page, enter the lot number and product size for the lot-specific COA. |
| Purity | > 90 % as determined by SDS-PAGE. |
| Activity | Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized human ACE2 protein (Fc tag)(Cat: 10108-H05H) at 2 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike RBD(K417N, E484K, N501Y)-His (40592-V08H85), the EC 50 of SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike RBD(K417N, E484K, N501Y)-His (40592-V08H85) is 5-40 ng/mL. |
| Protein Construction | A DNA sequence encoding the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike RBD(K417N, E484K, N501Y)-His Recombinant Protein (YP_009724390.1) (Arg319-Phe541(K417N, E484K, N501Y)) was expressed with a polyhistidine tag at the C-terminus. |
| Accession# | YP_009724390.1 |
| Expressed Host | HEK293 Cells |
| Species | SARS-CoV-2 |
| Predicted N Terminal | Arg 319 |
| Molecule Mass | The recombinant SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike S1(Arg319-Phe541(K417N, E484K, N501Y))-His Recombinant Protein consists of 234 amino acids and predicts a molecular mass of 26.6 kDa. As a result of glycosylation, it migrates as an approximately 35 kDa band in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. |
Image / Experimental Information
| Image 1 Alt Text | 2019-nCoV Coronavirus spike Protein 31765 |
| Image 1 URL | Source image |
| Image 2 Alt Text | SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus spike Protein 31770 |
| Image 2 URL | Source image |
Background Information
| Description | The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses contains protrusions that will only bind to certain receptors on the host cell. Known receptors bind S1 are ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4), APN (aminopeptidase N), CEACAM (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule), Sia (sialic acid), O-ac Sia (O-acetylated sialic acid). The spike is essential for both host specificity and viral infectivity. The term 'peplomer' is typically used to refer to a grouping of heterologous proteins on the virus surface that function together. The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses is known to be essential in the binding of the virus to the host cell at the advent of the infection process. It's been reported that SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 coronavirus, 2019-nCoV) can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2. S1 mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor. S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion. The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity. The main functions for the Spike protein are summarized as: Mediate receptor binding and membrane fusion; Defines the range of the hosts and specificity of the virus; Main component to bind with the neutralizing antibody; Key target for vaccine design; Can be transmitted between different hosts through gene recombination or mutation of the receptor binding domain (RBD), leading to a higher mortality rate. |
| References |
|
[{"title":"Inducible CD147 up-regulation boosts extended SARS-CoV-2 infection triggering severe COVID-19 independent of ACE2","authors":["Ke Wang","Peng Lin","...","Ping Zhu"],"journal":"Signal transduction and targeted therapy","date":"2026-02-03","pmid":"41629286","doi":"10.1038/s41392-025-02551-x","pmcid":"","cited_by_count":0,"techniques":["Cell Culture","Control","Expressing","Incubation","Infection","Luciferase","Multicolor Immunofluorescence Staining","Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction","SPR Assay","Software","Virus","Western Blot"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"DNA Nanostructure-Mediated Bispecific Aptamers Enable Multiepitope Recognition and Robust Viral Neutralization.","authors":["Qiaoyi Wu","Yihao Huang","...","Mengjiao Huang"],"journal":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","date":"2026-01-07","pmid":"41498844","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c16490","pmcid":"","cited_by_count":0,"techniques":["Recombinant"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"A stable all-D peptide ligand inspires broad-spectrum affinity and high performance in the purification of COVID-19 vaccines.","authors":["Jing Ma","Xiaoyan Dong","...","Qinghong Shi"],"journal":"Journal of Chromatography A","date":"2025-11-27","pmid":"41330165","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2025.466577","pmcid":"","cited_by_count":0,"techniques":["Derivative Assay"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Recombinant severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Rbd trimer protein vaccine capable of generating broad-spectrum cross neutralization activity, and preparation method and use thereof","authors":["Qiming Li","Yu Liang","...","Ning Liu"],"journal":"","date":"2025-06-10","pmid":"","doi":"","pmcid":"","cited_by_count":0,"techniques":["Activity Assay","Binding Assay","Bioprocessing","Concentration Assay","Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay","Expressing","Incubation","Mutagenesis","Negative Control","Purification","Recombinant","Sequencing","Virus"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Mucosal and Serum Neutralization Immune Responses Elicited by COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Vaccinated and Breakthrough-Infection Individuals: A Longitudinal Study from Louisville Cohort","authors":["Lalit Batra","Divyasha Saxena","...","Jianhui Nie"],"journal":"Vaccines","date":"2025-05-24","pmid":"","doi":"","pmcid":"","cited_by_count":0,"techniques":[],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Increased SARS-CoV-2 IgG4 has variable consequences dependent upon Fc function, Fc receptor polymorphism, and viral variant","authors":["L. Carissa Aurelia","Ruth A. Purcell","...","Amy W. Chung"],"journal":"Science Advances","date":"2025-02-28","pmid":"","doi":"","pmcid":"11864192","cited_by_count":0,"techniques":[],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"S6P mutation in Delta and Omicron variant spike protein significantly enhances the efficacy of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines","authors":["Yong-Sik Bong","David Brown","...","Dong Shen"],"journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","date":"2025-01-03","pmid":"","doi":"","pmcid":"11739128","cited_by_count":0,"techniques":[],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"First-in-Human Phase I Trial to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Orf Virus-Based COVID-19 Vaccine Booster","authors":["Meral Esen","Johanna Fischer-Herr","...","Juan Antonio Giménez-Bastida"],"journal":"Vaccines","date":"2024-11-18","pmid":"39591190","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111288","pmcid":"11599021","cited_by_count":4,"techniques":["Binding Assay","Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay","Incubation","Injection","Microneutralization Assay","Neutralization","Recombinant","Variant Assay"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"A multiantigenic Orf virus-based vaccine efficiently protects hamsters and nonhuman primates against SARS-CoV-2.","authors":["Alena Reguzova","Melanie Müller","...","Ralf Amann"],"journal":"NPJ vaccines","date":"2024-10-16","pmid":"39414789","doi":"10.1038/s41541-024-00981-2","pmcid":"","cited_by_count":6,"techniques":["Blocking Assay","Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay","Expressing","In Vitro"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"A novel orf virus vector-based COVID-19 booster vaccine shows cross-neutralizing activity in the absence of anti-vector neutralizing immunity","authors":["Ute Klinkardt","Mirjam Schunk","...","Madiha Derouazi"],"journal":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics","date":"2024-10-14","pmid":"39397784","doi":"10.1080/21645515.2024.2410574","pmcid":"11485980","cited_by_count":7,"techniques":["Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay","Incubation","Recombinant"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Glycan masking of NTD loops with a chimeric RBD of the spike protein as a vaccine design strategy against emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants.","authors":["Hao-Chan Hung","Boon-Fatt Tan","...","Suh-Chin Wu"],"journal":"Journal of medical virology","date":"2024-08-28","pmid":"39192804","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29893","pmcid":"","cited_by_count":1,"techniques":["Blocking Assay","Concentration Assay","Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay","Recombinant","Serial Dilution","Variant Assay"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Novel Multi-Antigen Orf-Virus-Derived Vaccine Elicits Protective Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Response in Monovalent and Bivalent Formats","authors":["Dominique Julien Burri","Louis Renz","...","Seth Pincus"],"journal":"Vaccines","date":"2024-05-01","pmid":"","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12050490","pmcid":"11126134","cited_by_count":3,"techniques":["Blocking Assay","Electron Microscopy","Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay","Incubation","Injection","Isolation","Labeling","Neutralization","Purification","Recombinant","Staining","Standard Deviation","Virus"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"An ancestral SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces anti-Omicron variants antibodies by hypermutation","authors":["Seoryeong Park","Jaewon Choi","...","Junho Chung"],"journal":"Nature Communications","date":"2024-04-20","pmid":"38643233","doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-47743-1","pmcid":"11032360","cited_by_count":5,"techniques":["Clinical Proteomics","Recombinant"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"A panel of multivalent nanobodies broadly neutralizing Omicron subvariants and recombinant.","authors":["Liuhai Zheng","Huifang Wang","...","Shuwen Liu"],"journal":"Journal of medical virology","date":"2024-03-20","pmid":"38501378","doi":"10.1002/jmv.29528","pmcid":"","cited_by_count":6,"techniques":["Luciferase","Modification","Stable Transfection"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Physicochemical Nature of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Binding to Human Vimentin","authors":["Piotr Deptuła","Krzysztof Fiedoruk","...","Robert Bucki"],"journal":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","date":"2023-07-06","pmid":"37413693","doi":"10.1021/acsami.3c03347","pmcid":"10360031","cited_by_count":9,"techniques":["Recombinant"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Blood Group A Enhances SARS-CoV-2 Infection","authors":["Shang-Chuen Wu","Connie M. Arthur","...","Sean R. Stowell"],"journal":"Blood","date":"2023-06-27","pmid":"37367252","doi":"10.1182/blood.2022018903","pmcid":"10294591","cited_by_count":23,"techniques":["Purification","Saline","Transfection"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Hybrid immunity expands the functional humoral footprint of both mRNA and vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.","authors":["Paulina Kaplonek","Yixiang Deng","...","Galit Alter"],"journal":"Cell Reports Medicine","date":"2023-05-19","pmid":"37182520","doi":"10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101048","pmcid":"","cited_by_count":21,"techniques":["Binding Assay","Produced","Recombinant"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"An ancestral vaccine induces anti-Omicron antibodies by hypermutation","authors":["Park Seoryeong","Choi Jaewon","...","Chung Junho"],"journal":"bioRxiv","date":"2023-03-15","pmid":"","doi":"10.1101/2023.03.15.532728","pmcid":"","cited_by_count":0,"techniques":["Clinical Proteomics","Recombinant"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Utilization of Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Expressed in Escherichia coli for the Development of Neutralizing Antibody Assay.","authors":["Termsak Tantiwiwat","Apisitt Thaiprayoon","...","Dujduan Waraho-Zhmayev"],"journal":"Molecular biotechnology","date":"2023-03-02","pmid":"36103078","doi":"","pmcid":"","cited_by_count":4,"techniques":["Binding Assay","Construct","Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay","Expressing","Marker","Purification","SDS Page","Sequencing","Staining","Synthesized","Variant Assay"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"A Spike-destructing human antibody effectively neutralizes Omicron-included SARS-CoV-2 variants with therapeutic efficacy","authors":["Lu Meng","Jialu Zha","...","Jacob S. Yount"],"journal":"PLoS Pathogens","date":"2023-01-27","pmid":"36706160","doi":"10.1371/journal.ppat.1011085","pmcid":"9907810","cited_by_count":8,"techniques":["Activity Assay","Binding Assay","Mutagenesis","Neutralization","Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test","Sequencing","Variant Assay"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Rapid Conductometric Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 Proteins and Its Variants Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles","authors":["Ganganath S. Perera","Md. Ataur Rahman","...","Sharath Sriram"],"journal":"Advanced Materials Technologies","date":"2022-12-04","pmid":"","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200965","pmcid":"9877662","cited_by_count":8,"techniques":["Recombinant"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Serum Fc-Mediated Monocyte Phagocytosis Activity Is Stable for Several Months after SARS-CoV-2 Asymptomatic and Mildly Symptomatic Infection","authors":["Sindhu Vangeti","Sivakumar Periasamy","...","Angela I. Bordin"],"journal":"Microbiology Spectrum","date":"2022-11-14","pmid":"36374040","doi":"10.1128/spectrum.01837-22","pmcid":"9769986","cited_by_count":6,"techniques":["Infection","Recombinant"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Mechanosensing view of SARS-CoV-2 infection by a DNA nano-assembly","authors":["Jialu Zhang","Yihao Huang","...","Yanling Song"],"journal":"Cell Reports Physical Science","date":"2022-09-21","pmid":"","doi":"10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.101048","pmcid":"9490855","cited_by_count":13,"techniques":["Binding Assay","Concentration Assay","Expressing","Fluorescence","Infection","Labeling","Modification","Mutagenesis","Recombinant","Standard Deviation","Variant Assay"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Potent and broad neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) including omicron sub-lineages BA.1 and BA.2 by biparatopic human VH domains","authors":["Chuan Chen","James W. Saville","...","Wei Li"],"journal":"iScience","date":"2022-07-20","pmid":"35875685","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2022.104798","pmcid":"9296231","cited_by_count":2,"techniques":["Luciferase","Plasmid Preparation","Recombinant","Sequencing","Software","Variant Assay","Virus"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Potent neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 human antibodies cure infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamster model","authors":["Maya Imbrechts","Wim Maes","...","Nick Geukens"],"journal":"iScience","date":"2022-07-03","pmid":"35813873","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2022.104705","pmcid":"9250818","cited_by_count":11,"techniques":["Binding Assay","Blocking Assay","Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay","Incubation","Mutagenesis","Purification","Recombinant","Software","Variant Assay","Virus"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Omicron-specific mRNA vaccination alone and as a heterologous booster against SARS-CoV-2","authors":["Zhenhao Fang","Lei Peng","...","Sidi Chen"],"journal":"Nature Communications","date":"2022-06-06","pmid":"35668119","doi":"10.1038/s41467-022-30878-4","pmcid":"9169595","cited_by_count":40,"techniques":["Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay","Variant Assay"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Circular RNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants","authors":["Liang Qu","Zongyi Yi","...","Wensheng Wei"],"journal":"Cell","date":"2022-04-01","pmid":"35460644","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.044","pmcid":"8971115","cited_by_count":451,"techniques":["Cell Stimulation","Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay","Enzyme-linked Immunospot","Luciferase","Modification","Neutralization","Recombinant","Software","Transfection"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Protein-based SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccine booster increases cross-neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in non-human primates","authors":["Vincent Pavot","Catherine Berry","...","Valerie Lecouturier"],"journal":"Nature Communications","date":"2022-03-31","pmid":"35361754","doi":"10.1038/s41467-022-29219-2","pmcid":"8971430","cited_by_count":35,"techniques":["Variant Assay","Virus"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Broad neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by an inhalable bispecific single-domain antibody","authors":["Cheng Li","Wuqiang Zhan","...","Tianlei Ying"],"journal":"Cell","date":"2022-03-10","pmid":"35344711","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.009","pmcid":"8907017","cited_by_count":140,"techniques":["Antibody Labeling","Clone Assay","Expressing","Luciferase","Modification","Plasmid Preparation","Produced","Recombinant","Saline","Software","Virus"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Nucleic acid delivery of immune-focused SARS-CoV-2 nanoparticles drives rapid and potent immunogenicity capable of single-dose protection","authors":["Kylie M. Konrath","Kevin Liaw","...","Daniel W. Kulp"],"journal":"Cell Reports","date":"2022-01-11","pmid":"35090597","doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110318","pmcid":"8747942","cited_by_count":22,"techniques":["Binding Assay","Blocking Assay","Cell Stimulation","Expressing","Flow Cytometry","Mass Spectrometry","Microscopy","Plasmid Preparation","Purification","Recombinant","Software"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Glycan Masking of Epitopes in the NTD and RBD of the Spike Protein Elicits Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants","authors":["Wei-Shuo Lin","I-Chen Chen","...","Suh-Chin Wu"],"journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","date":"2021-12-02","pmid":"34925381","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2021.795741","pmcid":"8674692","cited_by_count":16,"techniques":["Binding Assay","Blocking Assay","Concentration Assay","Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay","Mutagenesis","Neutralization","Recombinant","Serial Dilution","Standard Deviation","Variant Assay"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Rapid test to assess the escape of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern","authors":["Jacob T. Heggestad","Rhett J. Britton","...","Ashutosh Chilkoti"],"journal":"Science Advances","date":"2021-12-01","pmid":"34860546","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.abl7682","pmcid":"8641938","cited_by_count":21,"techniques":["Binding Assay","Blocking Assay","Concentration Assay","Derivative Assay","Fluorescence","Incubation","Labeling","Mutagenesis","Neutralization","Recombinant","Transformation Assay","Variant Assay"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"MG1141A as a Highly Potent Monoclonal Neutralizing Antibody Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants","authors":["Sua Lee","Shina Jang","...","Dong-Sik Kim"],"journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","date":"2021-11-18","pmid":"34868052","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2021.778829","pmcid":"8637776","cited_by_count":2,"techniques":["Binding Assay","Software"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Glycan-masking spike antigen in NTD and RBD elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants","authors":["Lin Wei-Shuo","Chen I-Chen","...","Wu Suh-Chin"],"journal":"bioRxiv","date":"2021-11-02","pmid":"","doi":"10.1101/2021.11.01.466834","pmcid":"","cited_by_count":0,"techniques":["Blocking Assay","Concentration Assay","Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay","Recombinant","Serial Dilution","Variant Assay"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 Variants to Neutralization by Convalescent Sera and a VH3-30 Monoclonal Antibody","authors":["Shuai Yue","Zhirong Li","...","Xiangyu Chen"],"journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","date":"2021-09-23","pmid":"34630430","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2021.751584","pmcid":"8495157","cited_by_count":10,"techniques":[],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Seroprevalence of ancestral and Beta SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Malagasy blood donors","authors":["Solohery Lalaina Razafimahatratra","Mame Diarra Bousso Ndiaye","...","Matthieu Schoenhals"],"journal":"The Lancet Global Health","date":"2021-09-14","pmid":"34534478","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00361-2","pmcid":"8439619","cited_by_count":7,"techniques":["Incubation","Magnetic Beads","Variant Assay"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Structure and computation-guided design of a mutation-integrated trimeric RBD candidate vaccine with broad neutralization against SARS-CoV-2","authors":["Liang Yu","Zhang Jing","...","Li Qi Ming"],"journal":"bioRxiv","date":"2021-06-18","pmid":"","doi":"10.1101/2021.06.18.448958","pmcid":"","cited_by_count":0,"techniques":["Concentration Assay","Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay","Mouse Assay"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Combination Respiratory Vaccine Containing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Quadrivalent Seasonal Influenza Hemagglutinin Nanoparticles with Matrix-M Adjuvant","authors":["Massare Michael J","Patel Nita","...","Smith Gale"],"journal":"bioRxiv","date":"2021-05-05","pmid":"","doi":"10.1101/2021.05.05.442782","pmcid":"","cited_by_count":0,"techniques":["Binding Assay","Recombinant"],"bioz_score":"94"},{"title":"Common dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale ) efficiently blocks the interaction between ACE2 cell surface receptor and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein D614, mutants D614G, N501Y, K417N and E484K in vitro","authors":["Tran Hoai Thi Thu","Le Nguyen Phan Khoi","...","Lamy Evelyn"],"journal":"bioRxiv","date":"2021-03-19","pmid":"","doi":"10.1101/2021.03.19.435959","pmcid":"","cited_by_count":0,"techniques":["Binding Assay","Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay","Expressing","Flow Cytometry","Fluorescence","Incubation","Inhibition","Recombinant","Staining"],"bioz_score":"94"}]
